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Hemoglobin-based oxygen carriers are one of two main types of oxygen-carrying blood substitutes in development, the other one being perfluorocarbon emulsions. As of 2011 there are no haemoglobin-based oxygen carriers or perfluorocarbon emulsions approved for commercial use in North America or Europe. The only countries where these products are approved for general use is South Africa and Russia.〔 This is because they significantly increase the risk of death and myocardial infarction. It has been recommended that further phase III trials not be conducted until these products are as effective as the current standard of care.〔 Optimism about near term approval of oxygen carriers has decreased recently due to poor result from a number of clinical trials.〔 ==Classification== The development of a “perfect” blood substitute has been going on for many years. It is hoped that such a product would have certain advantages over human red cells, including rapid and widespread availability, fewer requirements with regard to storage, transport, and compatibility testing, a longer shelf life, and a more consistent supply. An ideal substitute would be less antigenic than allogenic red cells, and would have less risk of disease transmission. Two main types of blood substitutes are in development: haemoglobin-based oxygen carrier (HBOCs) and perfluorocarbon emulsions. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Haemoglobin-based oxygen carriers」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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